The cyclomatic complexity of a section of source code is the number of linearly independent paths within it. For instance, if the source code contained no control flow statements (conditionals or decision points), the. CAM Computer Aided Manufacturing Capability is the total range of inherent variation in a stable process. It is determined using data from control charts. The control charts shall indicate stability before capability calculations can be made. Histograms are to be used to examine the distribution pattern of individual values and verify a normal distribution. When analysis indicates a stable process and a normal distribution, the indices Cp and Cpk can be calculated. If analysis indicates a non normal distribution, advanced statistical tools such as PPM analysis, will be required to determine capability. If control charts show the process to be non stable, the index Ppk can be calculated. CAR Corrective Action Request Care mapping Medical procedure for a particular diagnosis in a diagrammatic form that includes key decision points used to coordinate care and instruct patient. CAUSALITY The principle that every change implies the operation of a cause. CAUSATIVE Effective as a cause. CAUSE That which produces an effect or brings about a change. Cause & Effect diagram A tool used to analyze all factors (causes) that contribute to a given situation or occurrence (effect) by breaking down main causes into smaller and smaller sub- causes. It is also known as the Ishikawa or the fishbone diagram. Cause and Effect Diagram A problem- solving tool that uses a graphic description of the various process elements to analyze potential sources of variation, or problems. Cyclomatic Complexity Program Control Flow Graph ExceptionsCause and Effect Diagram also called the fishbone chart because of its appearance and the Ishakowa chart after the man who popularized its use in Japan. Its most frequent use is to list the cause of particular problems. The lines coming off the core horizontal line are the main causes and the lines coming off those are sub causes. Cause and Effect Diagram is an analysis tool to display possible causes of a specific problem or condition. Cause effect graphing(1) Test data selection technique The input and output domains are partitioned into classes and analysis is performed to determine which input classes cause which effect. A minimal set of inputs is chosen which will cover the entire effect set. See: testing, functional. CENTER LINE The line on a statistical process control chart which represents the characteristic's central tendency. CFT Cross Functional Team. Champion A member of senior management who is responsible for the logistical and business aspects of the program.
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (Computer Science & Engineering) FOURTH SEMESTER EXAMINATION. Change control The processes, authorities for, and procedures to be used for all changes that are made to the computerized system and/or the system's data. Change control is a vital subset of the Quality Assurance . Characteristic Matrix An analytical technique for displaying the relationship between process parameters and manufacturing stations. CHART A form used to display information obtained through data collection when measuring defects and/or problems. CHARTER A document that specifies the purpose of a team, its power, it's reporting relationships, and its specific responsibilities. Check sheet A customized form used to record data. Usually, it is used to record how often some activity occurs. Checklist A list of important steps that must take place in a process or any other activity. A list of things to do. Check Sheet is a data gathering and interpretation tool. CIM Computer Integrated Manufacturing Client/server A term used in a broad sense to describe the relationship between the receiver and the provider of a service. In the world of microcomputers, the term client- server describes a networked system where front- end applications, as the client, make service requests upon another networked system. Cyclomatic Complexity Program Control Flow Graph GeneratorClient- server relationships are defined primarily by software. In a local area network . However, client- server systems are inherently more complex than file server systems. Two disparate programs must work in tandem, and there are many more decisions to make about separating data and processing between the client workstations and the database server. The database server encapsulates database files and indexes, restricts access, enforces security, and provides applications with a consistent interface to data via a data dictionary. Clinical practice guidelines A general term for statements of accepted medical procedure for a particular diagnosis. CMI Certified Mechanical Inspector COB Close Of Business Code audit An independent review of source code by a person, team, or tool to verify compliance with software design documentation and programming standards. Correctness and efficiency may also be evaluated. Contrast with code inspection, code review, code walkthrough. See: static analysis. Code inspection(Myers/NBS) A manual . Contrast with, code audit, code review, code walkthrough. This technique can also be applied to other software and configuration items. Syn: Fagan Inspection. See: static analysis. Code program, source code. Code review(IEEE) A meeting at which software code is presented to project personnel, managers, users, customers, or other interested parties for comment or approval. Contrast with code audit, code inspection, code walkthrough. See: static analysis. Code walkthrough (Myers. INBS) A manual testing . Contrast with code audit, code inspection, code review. See: static analysis. Coding standards Written procedures describing coding . Syn: development standards, programming standards. Common Cause Variation is variation caused by the process. They are typical of the process, not unexpected. That is not to say that they must be tolerated; on the contrary, once special causes of variation are largely removed, a focus on removing common causes of variation can pay big dividends. Comparitor (IEEE) A software tool that compares two computer programs, files, or sets of data to identify commonalities or differences. Typical objects of comparison are similar versions of source code, object code, data base files, or test results. Completeness (NIST) The property that all necessary parts of the entity are included. Completeness of a product is often used to express the fact that all requirements have been met by the product. See: traceability analysis. Complexity (IEEE) (1) The degree to which a system or component has a design or implementation that is difficult to understand and verify. See: software audit. Computer system security(IEEE) The protection of computer hardware and software from accidental or malicious access, use, modification, destruction, or disclosure. Security also pertains to personnel, data, communications, and the physical protection of computer installations. CONFIDENCE LEVEL The probability that a random variable x lies within a defined interval. CONFIDENCE LIMITS The two values that define the confidence interval. Configurable, off- the- shelf software (COTS)Application software, sometimes general purpose, written for a variety of industries or users in a manner that permits users to modify the program to meet their individual needs. Configuration control (IEEE) An element of configuration management, consisting of the evaluation, coordination, approval or disapproval, and implementation of changes to configuration items after formal establishment of their configuration identification. See: change control. Configuration management (IEEE) A discipline applying technical and administrative direction and surveillance to identify and document the functional and physical characteristics of a configuration item, control changes to those characteristics, record and report change processing and implementation status, and verifying compliance with specified requirements. See: configuration control, change control. Conformance The ability of a product or service to meet stated requirement. Conformance Means that the material meets the customer's specifications and requirements. Conformance Meeting requirements or specifications. CONFOUNDING Allowing two or more variables to vary together so that it is impossible to separate their unique effects. CONSENSUS Acceptance of a team decision so that everyone on the team can live with the decision and support it. Consensus Method used in reaching unanimous agreement by voluntarily giving consent. CONSUMERS RISK Probability of accepting a lot when, in fact, the lot should have been rejected (see BETA RISK). CONTINUOUS DATA Numerical information at the interval of ratio level; subdivision is conceptually meaningful; can assume any number within an interval, e. Continuous Improvement Action taken to find ways in improve processes, decrease variation , decrease costs, and improve effectiveness of the organization. Continuous improvement On- going improvement of any and all aspects of an organization including products, services, communications, environment, functions, individual processes, etc. Continuous Process Improvement A policy that encourages, mandates, and/or empowers employees to find ways to improve process and product performance measures on an ongoing basis. CONTINUOUS RANDOM VARIABLE A random variable which can assume any value continuously in some specified interval. CONTROL CHART A graphical rendition of a characteristic's performance across time in relation to its natural limits and central tendency. Control chart A chart that indicates upper and lower statistical control limits, and an average line, for samples or subgroups of a given process. If all points on the control chart are within the limits, variation may be ascribed to common causes and the process is deemed to be . It is based on the work of Shewhart and Deming. By mathematically constructing control limits at 3 standard deviations above and below the average, one can determine what variation is due to normal ongoing causes (common causes) and what variation is produced by unique events (special causes). By eliminating the special causes first and then reducing common causes, quality can be improved. Control Charts Statistical charts used in process measurement.
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